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New Opportunities for Detecting Axion-Lepton Interactions.

Wolfgang Altmannshofer1, Jeff A Dror1, Stefania Gori1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.

Physical Review Letters
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This study clarifies constraints on axionlike particles (ALPs) interacting with leptons. New detection opportunities arise from understanding weak-violating and weak-preserving ALPs, impacting meson and W boson decays.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Beyond Standard Model Physics

Background:

  • Axionlike particles (ALPs) are hypothetical particles proposed as dark matter candidates.
  • Existing constraints on ALP interactions with leptons are revisited and refined.
  • Subtleties in ALP parameter space require clarification for accurate theoretical predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the theoretical framework and experimental constraints for axionlike particles (ALPs) interacting with leptons.
  • To identify novel avenues for ALP detection by analyzing their interactions.
  • To differentiate between weak-violating and weak-preserving ALPs and their distinct phenomenological consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of ALP interactions with leptons.
  • Investigation of "energy enhancement" effects in particle decay processes.
  • Re-evaluation of existing experimental constraints and proposal of new search strategies.

Main Results:

  • A qualitative distinction between weak-violating and weak-preserving ALPs is established.
  • New constraints on ALP parameter space are derived, impacting both types of ALPs.
  • Enhanced detection opportunities are identified in charged meson decays (e.g., π⁺→e⁺νa, K⁺→e⁺νa) and W boson decays.

Conclusions:

  • The findings refine our understanding of ALP physics and their interactions with Standard Model particles.
  • New experimental searches for ALPs can be designed based on the identified decay channels.
  • This work has implications for the QCD axion and the explanation of experimental anomalies using ALPs.