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Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Southeast Asia - A single-centre, longitudinal study.

You-Jiang Tan1, Isabel E Siow2, Chiew Sern Ong1

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (Singapore General Hospital), Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
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Summary

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) in Southeast Asian patients often presents with delirium and seizures. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes, especially in females with neoplasms.

Keywords:
ANMDAREAnti-NMDAR-encephalitisAutoimmune encephalitisSleep disordersSouth-East Asia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder.
  • Understanding its clinical spectrum in diverse populations like Southeast Asians is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of ANMDARE in Southeast Asian (SEA) patients.
  • To identify potential demographic or clinical differences within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 20 SEA patients diagnosed with ANMDARE.
  • Data collected included clinical presentations, demographics, associated neoplasms, and 1-year outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Delirium and seizures were the most common presenting symptoms.
  • Females had a higher incidence of movement disorders and underlying neoplasms (teratomas, neuroendocrine tumors).
  • While dysautonomia prolonged ICU stays, 1-year outcomes were favorable for most patients (mRS 0-2).

Conclusions:

  • SEA patients with ANMDARE commonly present with delirium and seizures.
  • Recognizing gender-specific differences in clinical characteristics and associated neoplasms can aid early diagnosis and treatment.
  • Prompt management strategies are essential for improving outcomes in SEA patients with ANMDARE.