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Characterizing thoracic morphology variation to develop representative 3D models for applications in chest trauma.

S Delanie Lynch1, Shannon L Taylor1, Katelyn A Greene1

  • 1Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 575 N. Patterson Avenue Suite 530, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA.

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Summary

Blunt chest trauma affects 85% of patients, with surgical interventions improving outcomes. This study details diverse thoracic morphologies, creating 3D models to aid in designing better surgical devices for varied patient anatomy.

Keywords:
AnthropometryChest wall biomechanicsComputed tomography (CT)Image segmentationMedical imagingModelingRib fixationThorax

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Rib fractures are common in blunt chest trauma (85% of cases).
  • Surgical intervention, especially for multiple fractures, shows promise for improved outcomes.
  • Understanding thoracic morphology diversity is crucial for chest trauma device design, yet research on non-average anatomy is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize diverse thoracic morphologies beyond average dimensions.
  • To develop 3D models representing non-average thoracic anatomy for improved surgical device design and planning in chest trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to create 3D point clouds of the rib cage.
  • Point clouds were oriented, and chest dimensions (height, width, depth) were measured.
  • Subgroups based on size tertiles were extracted to develop representative 3D thoracic models.

Main Results:

  • The study included 141 subjects (48% male, ages 10-80).
  • Mean chest volume increased with age, with females exhibiting approximately 10% smaller dimensions.
  • Seven representative 3D models were developed, capturing a range of non-average thoracic morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D models represent diverse thoracic morphologies.
  • These models can inform the design of surgical intervention devices for chest trauma.
  • The models aid in surgical planning and injury risk assessment for non-average thoracic anatomies.