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Gilbert's syndrome revisited.

Libor Vítek1, Claudio Tiribelli2

  • 11st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

Journal of Hepatology
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PubMed
Summary

Gilbert's syndrome, a mild elevation of unconjugated bilirubin, may offer protection against cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative conditions due to bilirubin's antioxidant properties.

Keywords:
BilirubinGilbert’s syndromebenign hyperbilirubinemiacivilization diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Gilbert's syndrome, or benign hyperbilirubinemia, is a common physiological condition.
  • Characterized by mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without liver disease or hemolysis.
  • Historically viewed as an abnormality, recent research suggests potential benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Gilbert's syndrome.
  • To explore the protective effects of mild hyperbilirubinemia.
  • To discuss the clinical significance of recent discoveries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Gilbert's syndrome and bilirubin.
  • Analysis of research on bilirubin's antioxidant and signaling pathways.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding protection against diseases.

Main Results:

  • Bilirubin exhibits potent antioxidant effects.
  • Bilirubin influences multiple intracellular signaling pathways.
  • Evidence suggests protection against cardiovascular, cancerous, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Gilbert's syndrome may confer health benefits.
  • Mild hyperbilirubinemia could be protective against "diseases of civilization".
  • A new perspective on Gilbert's syndrome as a potentially protective condition is proposed.