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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Synesthesia01:27

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Synesthesia is a remarkable condition where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People with synesthesia experience a blending or crossing of their senses, such as sight and sound, leading to cross-modal sensations. In this condition, the stimulation of one sense, such as hearing a number or musical note, triggers an experience of another sense, like sensing a specific color, taste, or smell. People...
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Physicochemical features partially explain olfactory crossmodal correspondences.

Ryan J Ward1,2, Sophie M Wuerger3, Maliha Ashraf3

  • 1School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. ryan.ward@liverpool.ac.uk.

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Summary

Physicochemical features of odors partially explain olfactory crossmodal correspondences. This study links odor properties to perceptions like shape and color, revealing a small but significant connection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science
  • Chemosensation

Background:

  • Olfactory receptors recognize specific chemical features, influencing crossmodal perception.
  • Physicochemical features of odors can be analyzed using electronic noses (gas sensor arrays).
  • Olfactory crossmodal correspondences are often overlooked in relation to odor properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of physicochemical odor features in explaining olfactory crossmodal correspondences.
  • To quantify the contribution of these features to crossmodal perception.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an electronic nose to extract physicochemical features from olfactory stimuli.
  • Analyzed correlations between odor features and various crossmodal perceptions (shape, texture, pleasantness, pitch, color).

Main Results:

  • Found a 49% similarity between the perceptual and physicochemical spaces of odors.
  • Identified significant physicochemical predictors for all explored crossmodal correspondences.
  • Quantified a small but significant link (6-23%) between odor features and crossmodal correspondences.

Conclusions:

  • Physicochemical features of odors contribute, to a limited extent, to olfactory crossmodal correspondences.
  • This suggests a measurable, albeit small, basis for the link between odor chemistry and crossmodal perception.