Exploring an immune cells-related molecule in STEMI by bioinformatics analysis

ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The mortality rate of heart attacks has decreased due to various preventive factors and the development of early diagnostic resuscitation measures, but the long-term prognosis remains poor. The present study aimed to identify novel serum biomarkers in STEMI patients and explored a possible new mechanism of STEMI from an immune molecular angle with bioinformatics analysis.

Gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential gene analysis, machine learning algorithms, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis were conducted using R software.

We identified 146 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in the integrated dataset between the STEMI and CAD (coronary artery disease) groups. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that eleven cell types were differentially infiltrated. Through correlation analysis, we further screened 25 DEGs that showed a high correlation with monocytes and neutrophils. Afterwards, five genes consistently selected by all three machine learning algorithms were considered candidate genes. Finally, we identified a hub gene (ADM) as a biomarker of STEMI. AUC curves showed that ADM had more than 80% high accuracy in all datasets.

In this study, we explored a potentially new mechanism of STEMI from an immune molecular perspective, which might provide insights into the pathogenesis of STEMI. ADM positively correlated with monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting its potential role in the immune response during STEMI. Additionally, we validated the diagnostic performance of ADM in two external datasets, which could help to develop new diagnostic tools or therapeutic strategies.