[A&F: obstacles to implementing interventions in the health system.]

Understanding how well a clinician or health care team is performing provides an essential foundation for improvement. If done well, Audit and Feedback (A&F) provides data in non-judgemental, motivating insights and leads to changes in clinical processes that benefit patients. This article will explore obstacles to optimizing the potential positive effects of A&F to improve patient care and outcomes by examining three interrelated steps in the process: the audit; the feedback; and the action. The audit requires data that will be perceived as both valid and actionable. Acquiring and using such data properly often requires partnerships. Feedback recipients need to know how to turn data into action. The A&F, therefore, should include components that direct the recipient toward feasible next steps to undertake the change that will lead to improvement. The proposed actions may be individual (learning new diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, trying a more patient-centered approach, etc.) or organizational (more proactive approaches often including the involvement of additional team members). The ability to turn feedback into action will depend on the culture of the recipient-group, and its level of experience with these change processes. Feedback facilitation or coaching may be useful for some groups or certain kinds of desired changes in practice. Inadequate leadership and support for health professionals, as they try to respond to A&F, is also often a barrier. Finally, with the final focus on the challenges of the individual Work Packages (WP) within the Easy-Net network program, the article focuses on what were the facilitating and hindering factors, the obstacles encountered, and the resistance to change overcome, useful considerations in support of the increasingly widespread implementation of A&F activities in our Healthcare System in the future.