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Associations Between Parity and Cognition: Race/Ethnic Differences.

Carlos E E Araujo-Menendez1, Ursula G Saelzler1, Ariana M Stickel2

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Greater parity, or number of births, was linked to poorer processing speed in Latina women but not in Non-Latina Black or White women. Further research is needed to understand these racial/ethnic differences in cognitive aging.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasecognitioncross-cultural researchpregnancyreproductive health

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Race/ethnicity influences reproductive history and cognition.
  • The impact of parity on later-life cognition across different racial/ethnic groups is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the association between parity and cognitive function differs among racial/ethnic groups.
  • To explore the relationship between the number of births and cognitive performance in older women.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 778 postmenopausal women from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Latina, Non-Latina Black, Non-Latina White).
  • Cognitive outcomes assessed included working memory, learning, and verbal fluency.
  • Linear models examined parity-cognition associations, stratified by race/ethnicity, controlling for covariates like age, education, and SES.

Main Results:

  • Overall, higher parity was negatively associated with Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) performance.
  • Stratified analyses revealed a significant negative association between parity and DSST performance specifically among Latina women.
  • No significant association between parity and DSST performance was found for Non-Latina White or Non-Latina Black women.

Conclusions:

  • Increased parity is associated with diminished processing speed and executive functioning in later life among Latina women.
  • These findings highlight racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between parity and cognitive health.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying biological and social mechanisms driving these observed differences.