Biogenic amines and stable isotopes in the quality and authenticity of honeys from Brazil

The identification of biogenic amines and some precursor amino acids and the adulteration through stable isotopes was carried out in 114 honey from different geographic regions in Brazil (states of São Paulo (SP) and Santa Catarina (SC)) as support for evaluating quality control and food safety. Serotonin was detected in all samples, while melatonin was quantified in 92.2% of honey from SP and in 94% of SC. l-Dopa, dopamine and histamine appeared at higher levels in honey from SP. Cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, varied little according to botanical source. Three honey from the metropolitan region of SP were considered adulterated (C4_SUGARS > 7%), 92 were authentic samples (C4_SUGARS - 7 to 7%) and 19 unadulterated (C4_SUGARS less than - 7%), with isotopic values of δ¹³C_H and δ¹³C_P > 7%. The data were important for differentiating quality as a function of biogenic amines and stable isotope technique was important in detecting honey adulteration.