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Some Topical Aspects of the "Sports Heart" Problem. Literature Review. Part 2
Alexander Vladimirovich Korotkikh1, Yulia Viktorovna Vakhnenko1, Maksim Gennadievich Kashtanov2
1Cardiac Surgery Clinic, Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveshchensk, Russia.
Current Problems in Cardiology
|July 2, 2023
Summary
The athlete's electrocardiogram (ECG) shows unique adaptations to exercise. Understanding these ECG changes is crucial for identifying potential risks of sudden cardiac death in athletes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Athlete's electrocardiogram (ECG) results often differ from the general population due to physiological adaptations to intense training.
- These ECG variations reflect the heart's response to both rest and high-performance demands.
- Understanding these adaptations is key to differentiating normal athletic changes from pathological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the specific features of the "athlete's ECG."
- To highlight ECG changes that, while not precluding athletic activity, can indicate risks for serious cardiac events.
- To discuss fatal rhythm disorders and their association with specific syndromes in athletes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on electrocardiography in athletes.
- Analysis of "athlete's ECG" characteristics and their implications.
- Examination of conditions leading to fatal rhythm disorders, including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, ion channelopathies, and arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle.
- Emphasis on arrhythmias linked to connective tissue dysplasia syndrome.
Main Results:
- The athlete's ECG exhibits distinct patterns resulting from cardiovascular adaptation to training.
- Certain ECG findings, if not properly interpreted, can be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
- Specific conditions like Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle are linked to fatal arrhythmias in athletes.
- Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome is highlighted as a significant contributor to arrhythmias in this population.
Conclusions:
- Knowledge of "electrophysiological remodeling" in athletes' hearts is essential for sports medicine physicians.
- Distinguishing normal "sports ECG" findings from pathological changes is critical for athlete safety.
- Appropriate diagnostic and monitoring protocols, including daily Holter monitoring, are necessary for athletes with ECG abnormalities.
- Understanding conditions associated with serious rhythm disorders guides the management of athletes' cardiovascular health.
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