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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Spondyloarthritides.

Hope A Taitt1, Rithvik Balakrishnan1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Room CG65, 451 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spondyloarthritides, a group of inflammatory diseases including ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, share genetic links and symptoms like back pain and joint swelling. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent mobility loss.

Keywords:
Ankylosing spondylitisAxial spondylitisInflammatory bowel disease–associated spondyloarthritisPsoriatic arthritisReactive arthritisSpondyloarthritides

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Spondyloarthritides encompass related inflammatory conditions: ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis.
  • These diseases share clinical features and a genetic predisposition, notably the HLA-B27 gene.
  • Manifestations include axial and peripheral symptoms like inflammatory back pain, enthesitis, oligoarthritis, and dactylitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key characteristics of the spondyloarthritides.
  • To highlight the genetic and clinical links between these conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis in managing disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and genetic data pertaining to spondyloarthritides.
  • Analysis of common symptoms and diagnostic challenges.
  • Correlation of genetic factors with disease presentation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of four main types of spondyloarthropathies with overlapping features.
  • Strong association with HLA-B27 across these conditions.
  • Common symptoms include inflammatory back pain, enthesitis, and peripheral arthritis, often with onset before age 45.

Conclusions:

  • Spondyloarthritides represent a spectrum of related inflammatory disorders.
  • The presence of HLA-B27 is a significant genetic marker.
  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to irreversible structural damage and reduced mobility, underscoring the need for prompt recognition and management.