Do preterm infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a unique postnatal weight gain pattern?
Buse Ozer Bekmez1, Aslihan Kose Cetinkaya2, Mehmet Buyuktiryaki3
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sariyer Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Summary
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) experience unsteady growth during hospitalization. Their weight falters significantly, especially after postnatal day 28, necessitating tailored nutrition strategies for optimal development.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Growth and Development
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants.
- Growth patterns in preterm infants with BPD are not well-defined.
- Effective nutritional strategies are crucial for managing BPD complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the weekly weight gain patterns of preterm infants diagnosed with BPD during their hospital stay.
- To compare growth trajectories, including weight standard deviation scores (SDS), between infants with and without BPD.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study included 151 preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation, <1500g) with BPD and 251 without BPD.
- Weekly weight assessments were used to track growth parameters.
- Weight SDS and the fall in weight SDS were analyzed from birth to discharge.
Main Results:
- Infants with BPD had lower mean body weight in most postnatal weeks compared to controls.
- While daily weight gain was similar, infants with BPD showed significantly greater falls in weight SDS between week 4 and discharge.
- Lower discharge weight SDS was associated with gestational age and earlier weight SDS.
Conclusions:
- Preterm infants with BPD exhibit a compromised and inconsistent growth pattern throughout their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay.
- Growth faltering is particularly evident in early postnatal life and between postnatal day 28 and discharge.
- Optimal nutrition strategies should consider the entire postnatal period, including the critical phase after four weeks, to support adequate growth in infants with BPD.
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