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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in Recovered Patients by Different ELISA Kits
Alireza Fereidouni1, Hamidreza Safari2, Hadis Rezapoor1
1Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Insights
Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were compared for detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients. Domestic kits showed variable but acceptable sensitivity for IgG detection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Assays
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of infections and deaths globally.
- Accurate diagnostic methods and immune response evaluation are crucial for managing the pandemic and post-vaccination assessment.
- Various diagnostic and serological assays have been developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the performance of three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in measuring Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific IgG antibodies.
- To evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of domestic ELISA kits for detecting IgG antibodies in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted using sera from RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 recovered patients in Birjand, Iran.
- SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein IgG levels were quantified using three distinct commercial ELISA kits.
- Statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests, was employed for group comparisons.
Main Results:
- One domestic ELISA kit (PishtazTeb Diagnostics) showed a significantly higher mean titer of anti-N IgG compared to another (Ideal Tashkhis Atieh).
- No significant correlation was observed between the titers of anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG antibodies across the tested kits.
- The results indicate variability in the performance of different ELISA kits for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection.
Conclusions:
- Domestic ELISA kits demonstrate variable, yet acceptable, sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies.
- The findings suggest that while these kits can be useful, careful consideration of their performance characteristics is necessary.
- Further validation and standardization of diagnostic assays are important for reliable COVID-19 serological testing.
Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China. As long as the 27th of December 2021, approximately 280 million people have been infected with coronavirus, resulting in more than 5,418,421 deaths worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, different methods were introduced for diagnosing coronavirus-infected patients and evaluating the immune response, following the vaccination.
Objective:
The current study aimed to compare the level of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific IgG in a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19, measured by three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on sera from patients who recovered from a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 in Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran. SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein IgG levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Comparison between groups was made using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results:
The mean titer of anti-N IgG was significantly higher for the PishtazTeb Diagnostics kit than the Ideal Tashkhis Atieh kit (p<0.05). There was no correlation between the titer of anti-N IgG (PishtazTeb Diagnostics and Ideal Tashkhis Atieh) and anti-S IgG (Chemobind Company) antibodies.
Conclusion:
This study indicates that the domestic ELISA kits have variable but acceptable sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies.
