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Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography

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Published on: January 7, 2015

A practical guide to selecting facial fillers.

Khalifa Al-Ghanim¹, Robert Richards¹, Steven Cohen²

¹Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology

|July 3, 2023

Summary

Dermal fillers offer safe augmentation by addressing volume loss. Proper filler selection based on anatomical planes is crucial for achieving optimal aesthetic results and patient satisfaction.

Keywords:

Bellafill CAHA dermal filler filler hyaluronic acid

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Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

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Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

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Area of Science:

Aesthetic Medicine
Dermatology
Cosmetic Surgery

Background:

Dermal fillers represent a significant market in aesthetic medicine, primarily used for volume restoration and augmentation.
Hyaluronic acid fillers are the most common type, but alternative formulations exist.
Fillers provide immediate aesthetic improvements and are the second most popular injectable treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop clinical tools for guiding dermal filler selection.
To provide guidance on proper injection techniques for various facial areas.
To outline management strategies for common filler-related complications.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review and expert consensus from senior authors were utilized.
A G-prime-based, color-coded chart was developed for filler selection.
Anatomical and safety tables with clinical recommendations were created.

Main Results:

Filler selection and placement in specific anatomical planes are key to successful augmentation.
Established protocols aid in managing common complications associated with dermal fillers.
The developed charts serve as practical clinical aids for practitioners.

Conclusions:

Dermal fillers are a safe and effective modality for achieving cosmetic augmentation.
Strategic filler selection tailored to anatomical planes significantly impacts treatment outcomes.
Clinical charts enhance the reliability and safety of filler procedures.