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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Evolution of quantitative traits with background selection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
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Can ancient DNA and other forms of time-sampled data aid in the inference of negative frequency-dependent selection?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
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Comparing fine-scale mutation and recombination landscapes in rhesus macaque ( <i>Macaca mulatta</i> ) populations of Chinese and Indian descent inferred from both short- and long-read sequencing data.

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Evolutionary genomics based on PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing data reveals the importance of structural variants in shaping population-specific differences between Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques ( <i>Macaca mulatta</i> ).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Evaluating power to detect recurrent selective sweeps under increasingly realistic evolutionary null models.

Vivak Soni1, Parul Johri1, Jeffrey D Jensen1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting selective sweeps in population genomics is challenging. Realistic models show that false positives often exceed true positives, making sweeps undetectable unless selection is exceptionally strong.

Keywords:
background selectiondemographydistribution of fitness effectsgenetic hitchhikinggenome scansselective sweeps

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Selective sweep detection commonly assumes recent beneficial mutations.
  • Sweep signatures depend on fixation time and selection strength.
  • Realistic mutation rates and age distributions of sweeps are often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the power of sweep statistics under realistic evolutionary models.
  • To investigate the impact of background selection and population dynamics on sweep detection.
  • To assess the detectability of recurrent selective sweeps.

Main Methods:

  • Forward-in-time simulations were employed.
  • Commonly used sweep statistics were tested.
  • Realistic evolutionary models including selection, population size change, and rate heterogeneity were incorporated.

Main Results:

  • False-positive rates frequently exceeded true-positive rates.
  • Interplay of evolutionary processes complicates interpretation of selection scans.
  • Selective sweeps were often undetectable without exceptionally strong selection.

Conclusions:

  • Current sweep detection methods may be unreliable under realistic conditions.
  • Caution is needed when interpreting results from selection scans.
  • More robust methods are required for detecting weaker or older selective sweeps.