Intelligent indoor metasurface robotics

Intelligent indoor robotics is expected to rapidly gain importance in crucial areas of our modern society such as at-home health care and factories. Yet, existing mobile robots are limited in their ability to perceive and respond to dynamically evolving complex indoor environments because of their inherently limited sensing and computing resources that are, moreover, traded off against their cruise time and payload. To address these formidable challenges, here we propose intelligent indoor metasurface robotics (I2MR), where all sensing and computing are relegated to a centralized robotic brain endowed with microwave perception; and I2MR's limbs (motorized vehicles, airborne drones, etc.) merely execute the wirelessly received instructions from the brain. The key aspect of our concept is the centralized use of a computation-enabled programmable metasurface that can flexibly mold microwave propagation in the indoor wireless environment, including a sensing and localization modality based on configurational diversity and a communication modality to establish a preferential high-capacity wireless link between the I2MR's brain and limbs. The metasurface-enhanced microwave perception is capable of realizing low-latency and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of humans, even around corners and behind thick concrete walls, which is the basis for action decisions of the I2MR's brain. I2MR is thus endowed with real-time and full-context awareness of its operating indoor environment. We implement, experimentally, a proof-of-principle demonstration at ∼2.4 GHz, in which I2MR provides health-care assistance to a human inhabitant. The presented strategy opens a new avenue for the conception of smart and wirelessly networked indoor robotics.