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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 Conditions
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Gastrointestinal tract and viral pathogens.

Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar1, Yashwitha Sai Pulakurthi1, Himaja Dutt Chigurupati1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Saint Michael Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.

World Journal of Virology
|July 3, 2023
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Summary

Viral gastroenteritis, caused by viruses like rotavirus and norovirus, leads to stomach and intestinal inflammation. Early recognition and treatment have reduced severe outcomes, but new viruses like coronavirus are emerging.

Keywords:
Adenoviridae infectionsDigestive system diseasesEnterocolitisGastroenteritisNorovirusRotavirus infectionsVirus diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Viral gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal illness causing stomach and intestinal inflammation.
  • Key viruses include rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus, spreading via fecal-oral and contact routes.
  • Emerging concerns include coronavirus gastroenteritis and viral causes of ulcerative GI disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review viruses affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To outline symptoms for diagnosis and management.
  • To assist healthcare providers in diagnosing and treating viral GI infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral gastroenteritis and related GI viral infections.
  • Compilation of common symptoms, transmission routes, and affected populations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Viral gastroenteritis presents with symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dehydration.
  • Rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus cause non-bloody diarrhea, while herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus can cause bloody diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Hepatitis viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, and others are linked to benign and malignant GI diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Viral infections significantly impact the GI tract, ranging from mild gastroenteritis to severe ulcerative and neoplastic diseases.
  • Improved sanitation, vaccination, and early treatment have decreased morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding diverse viral etiologies is crucial for effective diagnosis and patient management.