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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Employing Aeroponic Systems for the Clonal Propagation of Cannabis
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Cannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials.

Eric Fordjour1,2, Charles F Manful1, Albert A Sey1

  • 1School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis sativa, or hemp, offers diverse medicinal, industrial, and food applications due to its rich cannabinoid and terpene content. Further research is needed to fully understand its beneficial properties and toxicological effects.

Keywords:
cannabiniodsethnobotanymarijuanapharmacologyphytochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Botanical Sciences
  • Pharmacology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Cannabis sativa, known as hemp, is a plant with extensive traditional and modern applications.
  • It contains over 566 identified chemical compounds, including 125 cannabinoids and 198 non-cannabinoids.
  • Cannabinoids and terpenes are key phytochemicals, with cannabinoids showing potential therapeutic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate existing literature on Cannabis sativa.
  • To explore its ecology, chemical composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional, industrial, and toxicological aspects.
  • To identify knowledge gaps, particularly concerning toxicological effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on Cannabis sativa.
  • Analysis of reported chemical constituents and their properties.
  • Evaluation of documented traditional, industrial, and pharmacological uses.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis sativa possesses a complex chemical profile, rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.
  • Pharmacological data suggests potential antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.
  • The plant has reported uses in food and cosmetics, with cultivation having minimal environmental impact.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis sativa demonstrates significant potential for biological, industrial, and medicinal applications.
  • Existing research predominantly focuses on chemical composition and pharmacological effects.
  • Further investigation into the toxicological profile and comprehensive exploration of its beneficial properties are warranted.