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Histone post-translational modification and the DNA damage response

Haoyun Song1, Rong Shen1, Xiangwen Liu1

  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

Genes & Diseases
|July 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

DNA damage can lead to cancer if not repaired. Human cells use DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms, involving histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), to maintain genome integrity and repair DNA damage.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA is constantly exposed to damage from internal and external sources.
  • Unrepaired DNA damage can cause genetic instability and elevate cancer risk.
  • Human cells have evolved sophisticated DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to protect genomic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in DNA damage repair.
  • To elucidate how histone PTMs facilitate the recruitment of DNA repair proteins.
  • To highlight emerging PTMs like succinylation and crotonylation in DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DNA damage repair mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of various histone modifications in response to DNA damage.
  • Examination of the functional impact of novel histone PTMs in DNA repair.

Main Results:

  • Histone PTMs are crucial regulators of DNA damage response pathways.
  • Specific histone PTMs modulate the recruitment and activity of DNA repair factors.
  • New histone modifications, including succinylation and crotonylation, are implicated in DNA repair processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding histone PTMs in DNA repair is vital for cancer therapy development.
  • Targeting DDR pathways involving histone PTMs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Further research into novel histone PTMs can uncover new avenues for cancer treatment.
Keywords:
DNA damageDNA damage responseHistonePost-translational modifications (PTMs)

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