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Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Developing Malocclusion in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Shweta R Shirke1, Amar N Katre1

  • 1Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Yerala Medical Trust (YMT) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND.

Cureus
|July 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children is strongly linked to malocclusion, increasing the risk for developing specific dental issues. This association highlights SDB as a potential early indicator for orthodontic concerns in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Health

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is increasingly recognized for its impact on child health.
  • Malocclusion, a common craniofacial disturbance, affects many children.
  • The relationship between SDB and malocclusion requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between SDB and malocclusion in children aged 6-12 years.
  • To explore the influence of age, gender, and tonsillar enlargement as potential modifiers of this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • 177 children (6-12 years) were evaluated for malocclusion using Angle classification and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN).
  • Parental administration of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) assessed SDB.
  • Statistical analysis included Fischer's test, odds ratio estimation, and logistic regression for modifiers.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of SDB (69%) was observed.
  • SDB showed a significant association with Angle class II and III malocclusions (OR=3.79) and higher IOTN grades (OR=53.64).
  • Gender and tonsillar enlargement were significant modifying factors (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • SDB is significantly associated with developing malocclusion in children.
  • The risk of malocclusion is elevated in children with SDB, particularly for Angle class II and III types and higher IOTN grades.
  • SDB may serve as a clinical marker for assessing malocclusion risk in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
angle class of malocclusionchildrenmalocclusionorthodontic treatment needsleep disordered breathing

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