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The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases

Shuoling Chen1, Qian Lei1, Xianghui Zou1

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from gram-negative bacteria deliver virulence factors, driving inflammatory diseases. This review explores OMV mechanisms in inflammation and their impact on distant organs for novel therapeutic insights.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are secreted by gram-negative bacteria.
  • OMVs are crucial for delivering bacterial components like lipopolysaccharide and proteins.
  • These vesicles are implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which OMVs trigger and propagate inflammation.
  • To discuss the impact of OMVs on distant organ pathology and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial OMVs and inflammation.
  • Analysis of OMV composition and their interaction with host immune receptors.
  • Examination of OMV-mediated signaling pathways, including inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • OMVs activate pattern recognition receptors, inflammasomes, and induce mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to local inflammation.
  • OMVs can transport pathogenic cargo to distant organs, influencing diseases like atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's.
  • OMVs play a significant role in sepsis and periodontal, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs are key mediators of inflammation with diverse pathogenic roles.
  • Understanding OMV mechanisms offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting OMV-mediated inflammation could provide new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseatherosclerosisgut microbiotainflammasomesinflammatory diseasesouter membrane vesiclespattern recognition receptorsperiodontal disease

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