PCR inhibitors and facilitators - Their role in forensic DNA analysis

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• DNA typing is crucial in criminal investigations, primarily using STR profiles.
• mtDNA and Y STR analyses are used for limited samples.
• Inconclusive DNA profiles hinder legal proceedings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) inhibitors in forensic science.
• To explore the sources and mechanisms of PCR inhibition.
• To discuss mitigation strategies for compromised DNA samples.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on PCR inhibitors.
• Analysis of inhibitor sources and their impact on DNA amplification.
• Evaluation of mitigation techniques and PCR facilitators.

Main Results:

• Inhibitor molecules are the primary cause of inconclusive DNA typing results.
• Understanding inhibitor sources and mechanisms is key to improving DNA analysis.
• PCR facilitators offer effective strategies to overcome inhibition.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of PCR inhibitors is essential for reliable forensic DNA analysis.
• Mitigation strategies enhance DNA typing success rates with challenging samples.
• This review provides a foundation for addressing PCR inhibition in forensic casework.