Phloroglucinol derivatives, coumarins and an alkaloid from the roots of Evodia lepta Merr

Two previously undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives [(±) evolephloroglucinols A and B], five unusual coumarins [evolecoumarins A and B and (±) evolecoumarins C-E], and one novel enantiomeric quinoline-type alkaloid [(±) evolealkaloid A], along with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction or computational calculations. Their anti-neuroinflammatory effects were assayed. Among the identified compounds, compound 5a effectively reduced nitric oxide (NO) production with an EC₅₀ value of 22.08 ± 0.46 μM. Hence, it could indeed inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.