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Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

60
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
60
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

558
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
558
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

587
The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
587
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

4.1K
Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
4.1K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

231
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries
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Diffusiophoretic Particle Penetration into Bacterial Biofilms.

Ambika Somasundar1,2, Boyang Qin1,3, Suin Shim1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study shows how chemical gradients can move particles into bacterial biofilms, making them more vulnerable to antimicrobials. Preconditioning with deionized water is key to this particle transport for biofilm control.

Keywords:
biofilmschemical gradientsdiffusiophoresisparticle transportporous media

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Bacterial biofilms are prevalent, forming protective extracellular polymer matrices that hinder antimicrobial penetration and surface removal.
  • Biofilms' recalcitrance to antibiotics necessitates novel control strategies, such as disrupting the matrix to enhance antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Particle penetration into biofilms is a promising, yet underexplored, approach for biofilm control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of externally imposed chemical gradients for transporting particles into bacterial biofilms.
  • To determine the role of preconditioning steps in facilitating particle uptake by biofilms.
  • To document particle transport behavior within biofilms and its potential reversal.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles.
  • Applied deionized water prewash followed by an electrolyte-induced chemical gradient.
  • Observed particle motion into and out of bacterial biofilms using various particles and chemicals.

Main Results:

  • Deionized water preconditioning is essential for enabling biofilm uptake of particles via chemical gradients.
  • Demonstrated controlled particle transport into the biofilm matrix.
  • Documented the reversal of particle motion out of the biofilm under specific conditions.
  • Highlighted the role of chemical gradients in disrupting biofilm matrices and managing particle transport.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical gradients are crucial for disrupting biofilm matrices and regulating particle transport in complex biological environments.
  • Particle transport into biofilms, facilitated by chemical gradients, can enhance susceptibility to antimicrobials.
  • This approach holds potential for applications in particle and drug delivery within physiological systems.