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Related Concept Videos

Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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The Aorta01:14

The Aorta

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The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice
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Relationship between the aortic root and the atrioventricular conduction axis.

Robert H Anderson1, Diane E Spicer2, Damián Sánchez-Quintana3

  • 1Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement can damage the atrioventricular conduction axis. Understanding the aortic root

Keywords:
Aortic Valve StenosisHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

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Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular anatomy
  • Interventional cardiology
  • Cardiac electrophysiology

Background:

  • Damage to the atrioventricular conduction axis is a complication of transcatheter aortic valve prostheses implantation.
  • Accurate anatomical knowledge of the conduction axis in relation to the aortic root is crucial for risk reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the conduction axis and the aortic root.
  • To identify anatomical variations that may increase the risk of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of cardiac tissue.
  • Analysis of clinical imaging to assess aortic root anatomy and rotation.
  • Correlation of anatomical findings with the risk of atrioventricular conduction disturbances.

Main Results:

  • A close relationship exists between the left bundle branch and the right coronary aortic leaflet in many cases.
  • The extent of the inferoseptal recess and aortic root rotation are variable features.
  • Counterclockwise rotation of the aortic root, as viewed by the imager, places more of the conduction axis within the outflow tract circumference and is associated with a narrower inferoseptal recess.

Conclusions:

  • Variability in aortic root anatomy, including rotation and inferoseptal recess dimensions, significantly impacts the proximity of the conduction axis.
  • A comprehensive understanding of these anatomical variations is essential for minimizing atrioventricular conduction problems during transcatheter aortic valve procedures.