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Related Experiment Videos

Serum complement values (C3 and C4) to differentiate between systemic lupus activity and pre-eclampsia.

J P Buyon, B N Cronstein, M Morris

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Serum C3 and C4 levels can help differentiate between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exacerbations and pre-eclampsia in pregnant patients. Lower C3 and C4 levels indicate SLE activity, while normal or elevated levels suggest pre-eclampsia.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nephrology
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Differentiating between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exacerbations and pre-eclampsia is challenging due to overlapping symptoms like proteinuria and hypertension.
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys.
    • Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the utility of serum C3 and C4 complement levels in distinguishing SLE activity from pre-eclampsia in pregnant women.
    • To establish reference ranges for serum C3 and C4 in nonpregnant women, normal pregnant women, and women with pre-eclampsia.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum C3 and C4 levels were measured in three groups: nonpregnant women of childbearing age, normal pregnant women in their third trimester, and pregnant women with documented pre-eclampsia.

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  • Complement levels were also assessed in pregnant women with SLE during their third trimester.
  • Serial complement measurements were performed in a subset of women with SLE.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower in pregnant women with SLE compared to both normal pregnant women and those with pre-eclampsia.
    • In normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, C3 and C4 levels were generally elevated or comparable to nonpregnant levels.
    • Falling C3 or C4 levels in women with SLE correlated with disease flares, while rising levels did not, though one patient with rising C3 developed pre-eclampsia.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum C3 and C4 measurements are valuable tools for differentiating SLE activity from pre-eclampsia in pregnant patients.
    • Significantly lower C3 and C4 levels during pregnancy are indicative of SLE activity.
    • Complement levels may provide prognostic information regarding SLE flares during or after pregnancy.