Characterization and antifungal activity of chlorhexidine:β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis are common infections.
• Chlorhexidine (Chx) is an effective antifungal agent but can have limitations.
• β-cyclodextrin (βCD) can improve drug delivery and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize chlorhexidine:β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (Chx:βCD).
• To analyze the antifungal activity of Chx:βCD against various Candida strains.
• To evaluate the efficacy of Chx:βCD incorporated into denture materials.

Main Methods:

• Chx:βCD inclusion complexes were prepared, primarily using a 1:2 molar ratio via freeze-drying.
• Physicochemical characterization techniques were employed.
• Antifungal susceptibility testing against nine Candida strains was performed.
• Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm growth in modified denture material was assessed.

Main Results:

• Freeze-drying in a 1:2 molar ratio yielded optimal Chx:βCD complexation.
• Chx:βCD demonstrated significant antifungal activity against all tested Candida strains.
• Incorporation into denture material enhanced Chx:βCD's antifungal effect, requiring lower Chx concentration (7.5%) compared to raw Chx for sustained efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Chx:βCD inclusion complexes exhibit improved physicochemical properties and potent antifungal activity.
• These complexes show promise for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in managing oral candidiasis.
• Chx:βCD formulations could lead to novel treatments for denture stomatitis.