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Neonatal Risk Factors for Growth Retardation in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Jue Seong Lee1, O Kyu Noh2,3,4, Jun Eun Park5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|July 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is linked to growth retardation (GR) in infants. Neonatal factors like preterm birth and low birth weight significantly increase GR risk in CHD patients, necessitating targeted monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Growth and Development

Background:

  • The association between congenital heart disease (CHD) and growth retardation (GR) is recognized but not fully understood.
  • Limited data exist on the incidence and neonatal risk factors for GR in infants with CHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of growth retardation (GR) in infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • To identify significant neonatal risk factors associated with the development of GR in CHD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nationwide Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data from 2002 to 2020.
  • Included infants diagnosed with CHD before one year of age.
  • Defined GR as idiopathic growth hormone deficiency or short stature; analyzed neonatal risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified 133,739 infants with CHD, of whom 2,921 (4.8% cumulative incidence by age 19) were diagnosed with GR.
  • Significant neonatal risk factors for GR included preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bacterial sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, feeding problems, and cardiac procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Several neonatal conditions are significant risk factors for GR in CHD patients.
  • Targeted monitoring and treatment programs are crucial for CHD neonates presenting with identified risk factors.
  • Further research incorporating genetic and environmental factors is recommended due to study limitations to claims data.
Abstract

Keywords:
Congenital Heart DiseaseGrowth RetardationNeonatal Risk Factors

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