[Chylous ascites in NSCLC: It is not always malignant]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Genetics

Background:

• Chylous ascites is a complex condition with diverse causes, including malignancy.
• In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it often indicates peritoneal or lymph node metastasis.
• RET alterations are found in 1-2% of NSCLC patients and are targetable.

Observation:

• This case report details a patient with NSCLC experiencing chylous ascites.
• The patient's condition was associated with metastatic disease.
• The case highlights the clinical presentation of chylous ascites in the context of NSCLC.

Findings:

• Targeted therapies for RET alterations are transforming NSCLC prognosis.
• These advanced treatments introduce new and sometimes uncharacterized side effects.
• The management of chylous ascites in patients receiving targeted therapy requires careful consideration.

Implications:

• New targeted therapies offer improved outcomes for NSCLC patients with RET alterations.
• Understanding and managing novel side effects, such as chylous ascites, is crucial.
• This case underscores the evolving landscape of cancer treatment and its associated challenges.