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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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miRNAs as key modulators between normal cells and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Shabnam Mohammadi Nour1, Nadia Abbasi2, Sima Sadi3

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Chemical Biology & Drug Design
|July 4, 2023
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study explores how these small noncoding RNAs influence interactions between tumor and normal cells in the TME.

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cancercolon cancermicroRNAtumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises diverse cellular and non-cellular components crucial for tumor progression.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and TME dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the multifaceted roles of miRNAs within the complex tumor microenvironment.
  • To elucidate how miRNAs mediate interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding normal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRNAs in the TME.
  • Analysis of the functions of miRNAs in regulating gene expression within the TME context.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of cellular components within the TME, including endothelial cells and immune cells.
  • miRNAs influence the extracellular matrix and signaling molecules, impacting TME composition and function.
  • Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to cancer initiation and progression via TME modulation.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are critical players in the intricate crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating the TME in cancer treatment.
  • Further research into miRNA functions in the TME is essential for advancing cancer therapy.