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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

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Pseudobudding: ruptured glands do not represent true tumor buds.

Tariq Sami Haddad¹, Luuk van den Dobbelsteen¹, Sonay K Öztürk¹

¹Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Pathology

|July 5, 2023

Summary

Tumor budding (TB) indicates poor prognosis in cancers. This study differentiates true TB from pseudobudding (PsB), finding TB shows active invasion while PsB is a reactive inflammatory response, advising against assessing TB in inflamed areas.

Keywords:

colorectal cancer immunohistochemistry multiplex immunofluorescence pseudobudding spatial transcriptomics transmission electron microscopy tumor budding

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Cancer Biology

Background:

Tumor budding (TB) is a critical prognostic biomarker in colorectal and other solid cancers, defined as single cancer cells or small clusters at the invasive front.
Pseudobudding (PsB) can mimic TB in areas of inflammation and glandular disruption, posing a diagnostic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the distinct biological characteristics of tumor budding (TB) and pseudobudding (PsB).
To provide guidance on differentiating TB from PsB in routine cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Utilized orthogonal approaches to analyze cellular and microenvironmental features of TB and PsB.
Examined markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.
Assessed the presence and type of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Main Results:

Tumor budding (TB) exhibits features of active invasion, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.
TB is associated with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME).
Pseudobudding (PsB) is linked to a reactive inflammatory response, characterized by increased granulocytes in the TME.

Conclusions:

Clear biological differences exist between tumor budding (TB) and pseudobudding (PsB).
TB reflects active tumor invasion, whereas PsB is a response to inflammation.
Diagnostic assessment of TB should avoid areas with significant inflammatory reactions to ensure accuracy.