Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

13.6K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.6K
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

8.7K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
8.7K
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

188
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
188
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

11.4K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
11.4K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

280
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
280

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prenatal Smoking Exposures and Epigenome-Wide Methylation in Newborn Blood.

Environmental health perspectives·2026
Same author

Prevalence, incidence, and 6-years stability of metabolically unhealthy normal weight́s phenotype in u.s. hispanic/latino adults.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

Non-Vigorous Physical Activity Associated with Reduced Hospitalization Risk with or without Diabetes or Peripheral Artery Disease: Study of Latinos.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same author

Ultra-processed foods and incident type 2 diabetes: Analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same author

Favorable Cardiovascular Health Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2024.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Association of gut microbiome with mobility impairment in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
08:27

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

3.7K

Large-Scale Data Harmonization Across Prospective Studies.

Ke Pan, Lydia A Bazzano, Kalpana Betha

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |July 5, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing Health and Development (PrePARED) Consortium harmonized data from 12 studies to create a resource for preconception health research. This effort enables the study of rare risk factors and pregnancy events.

    Keywords:
    consortiadata harmonizationpreconception periodpregnancypregnancy complications

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
    07:59

    Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    1.4K
    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
    06:26

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    71.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

    Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
    08:27

    Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

    Published on: July 27, 2021

    3.7K
    Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
    07:59

    Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    1.4K
    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
    06:26

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    71.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Data Science

    Background:

    • Preconception health is critical for maternal and infant outcomes.
    • Existing cohort data are fragmented, limiting comprehensive analysis.
    • The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing Health and Development (PrePARED) Consortium was established to address this gap.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the data harmonization methods and results from the PrePARED Consortium.
    • To create a unified, individual-level dataset from multiple prospective cohort studies.
    • To establish a foundation for future research on preconception exposures and outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Pooled individual-level data from 12 prospective cohort studies.
    • Employed a crosswalk-cataloging-harmonization procedure for data integration.
    • Defined the index pregnancy as the first postbaseline pregnancy exceeding 20 weeks gestation.

    Main Results:

    • Harmonized data from 114,762 women, including 25,531 index pregnancies.
    • Index pregnancies occurred between 1976-2021, with a median delivery year of 2008.
    • Preconception characteristics included 60% nulligravidity, 58% college education, and 37% overweight/obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • Harmonized data facilitate the study of uncommon preconception risk factors and pregnancy events.
    • The PrePARED Consortium provides a valuable resource for reproductive health research.
    • This harmonization effort supports future large-scale analyses in preconception health.