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Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Cohesion01:07

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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Control of Cell Adhesion using Hydrogel Patterning Techniques for Applications in Traction Force Microscopy
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Controllable adhesion behavior in underwater environments.

Hongyue Wu1, Bolun Zhang2, Xiaochen Liu3

  • 1School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. chuzy@buaa.edu.cn.

Soft Matter
|July 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel microwedge adhesive pads (MAPMCs) for controlled underwater manipulation of flexible materials. These pads offer tunable adhesion and detachment, overcoming limitations of current technologies for delicate underwater tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Material Science
  • Biomimetic Engineering

Background:

  • Current underwater adhesive pads struggle with flexible materials and require high pre-pressure.
  • Temperature fluctuations complicate adhesion and detachment in aquatic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, controllable adhesive pad for underwater manipulation of flexible materials.
  • To address limitations of existing technologies regarding pre-pressure sensitivity and object damage.

Main Methods:

  • Design of microstructure adhesive pads with microwedge characteristics (MAPMCs).
  • Integration of a mussel-inspired copolymer (MAPMC) for enhanced properties.
  • Numerical simulations to analyze synergistic effects and advantages of the microwedge structure.
  • Experimental validation using a gripping mechanism and a soft jellyfish model.

Main Results:

  • MAPMCs demonstrate self-recovering elasticity and tunable underwater adhesion/detachment.
  • Microwedge structure enables controllable, non-damaging adhesion and separation.
  • Successful automatic adhesion, manipulation, and release of a soft jellyfish model.

Conclusions:

  • MAPMCs offer a proficient approach for underwater adhesion and detachment of flexible materials.
  • The novel design overcomes challenges related to pre-pressure and temperature sensitivity.
  • Demonstrated potential for MACMPs in diverse underwater operations and soft robotics.