Obstetrics Outcomes in Women Undergoing Second-Stage Cesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Cesarean section (CS) involves the delivery of the fetus through incisions in the abdomen or uterine walls which is an alternative to vaginal delivery. In the majority of women, second-stage CS is performed without even attempting assisted vaginal delivery. This leads to difficulty for obstetricians for whether to perform an immediate CS or attempt a difficult vaginal birth as the effective method of delivery as CS are linked with higher morbidities which further increase when a CS is performed in the second stage. Hence, the present study was performed to find out obstetrics results in women undergoing second-stage CS. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care center attached to a medical college to study obstetric outcomes in women undergoing second-stage CS from January 2021 to December 2022 on 54 postnatal women who underwent second-stage CS. Results The mean age was 26.7 ± 3.9 years ranging between 19 and 35 years involving a majority of primiparity women. Maximum patients were having gestational age between 39 and 40 weeks and had spontaneous labor. The main indication of second-stage CS was non-reassuring fetal status and the method of delivery mainly involved for the deeply impacted head was the modified patwardhan technique in which if the head is embedded deeply in the pelvis in the OP position the anterior shoulder is delivered first followed by the same side leg then opposite side leg followed by the arm is gently delivered. Baby's trunk, legs, and buttocks are moved out by pulling them carefully and gently. And lastly, the head of the infant is finally moved out. The intra-operative complications mainly found were an extension of uterine angle and the post-operative complication was post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). The most common neonatal complication was the requirement for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. In conclusion, the present study reported a hospital range between seven and 14 days in comparison to other studies that reported hospital stays between three and 15 days. Conclusion In conclusion, higher maternal and fetal morbidities were associated with CS performed at full dilation of the cervix. The most common maternal complication seen was an injury to uterine vessels along with PPH however neonatal complications included the requirement of NICU monitoring. As there are no appropriate guidelines for the same, formulation of guidelines for performing CS at full dilation is required.