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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma: a critical appraisal focused on specific subpopulations

Lucía Vázquez-Montero1, María Del Carmen Álamo de la Gala1, Luis de la Cruz-Merino1,2,3

  • 1Clinical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.

Frontiers in Oncology
|July 5, 2023
PubMed

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the landscape of treatment of advanced melanoma in recent years. Based on the efficacy results of the phase III CheckMate 067 trial, nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab is one of the first-line standard options for advanced melanoma along with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and, recently, nivolumab plus relatlimab. Counterbalancing its efficacy, nivolumab plus ipilimumab is associated with severe immune-related toxicity. This article will review the efficacy and safety of the nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination in advanced melanoma across phase I, II, and III clinical trials that evaluated this approach. We also explore the benefit of the combination schedule across different subgroups of patients and possible predictive biomarkers for efficacy outcomes in order to elucidate which patients could be the best candidates for combination or single-agent therapy. Patients with BRAF-mutant tumours, asymptomatic brain metastases, or PD-L1-negative status appear to reach better survival outcomes with the combination relative to single-agent immunotherapy.

Keywords:
advanced melanomaefficacyipilimumabnivolumabsafety

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