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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

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SARS-CoV-2 and the host-immune response.

David P Maison1, Youping Deng2, Mariana Gerschenson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 5, 2023
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Summary

This review summarizes current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and COVID-19, focusing on viral mechanisms and host immune responses to inform future pandemic preparedness and treatment development.

Keywords:
COVID-19adaptive immunityimmune responseinnate immunityviral immune evasion

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented global research into SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding the virus and host interactions is crucial for evolving treatment strategies.
  • Previous research highlights the need for continuous knowledge updates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current SARS-CoV-2 knowledge.
  • To summarize viral characteristics and host immune responses.
  • To guide future research directions for pandemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of viral genome and replication mechanisms.
  • Examination of host immune activation, signaling, and viral antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Detailed summary of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including its genome and replication cycle.
  • Overview of the host immune system's activation and response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Explanation of viral strategies to antagonize host immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective pandemic management requires understanding the current state of SARS-CoV-2 research.
  • Knowledge of viral antagonism and host response is key to developing new treatments.
  • This review serves as a foundation for future research and outbreak preparedness.