Implantation of frozen elephant trunk (FET)-surgical technique-Thoraflex

The development of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) prosthesis has revolutionised how we treat some of the most complex aortic pathology, including in the emergency setting of acute type A aortic dissection. The design of the prosthesis is fundamental to the success of the procedure in combination with the surgeon's skill in interpreting the pre-operative scan and procedural planning to juggling the technical aspects of the deployment and reimplantation of the supra-aortic vessels. Furthermore, organ protection strategies and techniques to reduce the complications of neurological and renal impairment are paramount. This article focuses on the Thoraflex Hybrid prosthesis including the evolution of the concept, design features unique to the device and surgical technique including fundamentals of sizing and implantation steps with illustrations. The Thoraflex Hybrid prosthesis provides an ergonomic and neat delivery system with a trusted gelatin coated surgical graft material making implantation and use as straightforward as possible. These features have meant that the device is a market leader in the field of FETs with outcome data and implant figures to support its efficacy globally. The success of the device is also reflected in the literature. For example, in the UK study from Mariscalco et al., the mortality of FET implantation in acute type A dissection, of which most were using the Thoraflex device, was only 12%. This is comparable to leading centres in Europe with the inherent advantage of improving long-term outcomes in addition. Of course, this strategy is not appropriate in all cases and precise judgement of when to deploy a FET in both the emergency and elective setting is key to achieving good outcomes.