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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

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Published on: August 24, 2017

Intracranial Neurofeedback Modulating Neural Activity in the Mesial Temporal Lobe During Memory Encoding: A Pilot

Koji Koizumi¹, Naoto Kunii², Kazutaka Ueda³

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. kojikoizumi1007@gmail.com.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

|July 5, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This pilot study explored using neurofeedback (NF) with intracranial electrodes to modify brain activity in the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) before epilepsy surgery. Findings suggest NF may alter MTL neural activity, offering potential for memory preservation.

Keywords:

Epilepsy Intracranial electrode Memory encoding Mesial temporal lobe Neurofeedback

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Epilepsy Research
Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

Mesial temporal lobe (MTL) resection for epilepsy can cause memory deficits.
Neurofeedback (NF) shows promise for neurological disorders but hasn't been used pre-surgically for memory preservation.
Intracranial electrodes offer direct neural signal access for NF.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an intracranial memory NF system targeting the MTL during memory encoding.
To investigate if NF training alters neural activity and memory function in the MTL.
To assess the feasibility of using NF for artificial memory reorganization before epilepsy surgery.

Main Methods:

Constructed a memory NF system using intracranial electrodes in two epilepsy patients.
Patients underwent NF training to enhance theta power in the MTL.
Monitored neural activity (theta, beta, gamma powers) during NF sessions.

Main Results:

One patient showed increased theta power and decreased fast beta/gamma power with NF training.
NF signals were not significantly correlated with memory function in this pilot study.
Intracranial NF demonstrated potential to modulate MTL neural activity.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to report intracranial NF's potential to modulate MTL neural activity during memory encoding.
Findings suggest NF could be a future strategy for artificial memory reorganization.
Further research is needed to optimize NF for memory preservation in epilepsy surgery patients.