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Red cell distribution width in sickle cell disease.

P Webster, O Castro

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Red cell distribution width (RDW) is elevated in sickle cell disease patients compared to healthy individuals. In sickle cell anemia, RDW correlates with anemia and reticulocytosis, but does not change during painful crises.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Sickle cell diseases encompass a group of inherited red blood cell disorders.
    • Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of red blood cell size variation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate Red cell distribution width (RDW) levels in different sickle cell disease genotypes.
    • To compare RDW in sickle cell patients with healthy controls.
    • To assess the correlation of RDW with clinical parameters and disease state.

    Main Methods:

    • Electronic determination of RDW in patients with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS), hemoglobin sickle cell (SC) disease, and sickle cell-beta(+) thalassemia (S-thal).
    • Comparison of RDW values between patient groups and healthy controls (Hb AA).
    • Analysis of RDW correlation with anemia, reticulocytosis, and white blood cell (WBC) counts during steady state and acute painful crisis.

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    Main Results:

    • RDW was significantly higher in all sickle cell disease patient groups compared to healthy controls.
    • Patients with sickle cell anemia exhibited higher mean RDW than those with Hb SC disease or S-thal.
    • RDW correlated with anemia and reticulocytosis in SS patients, but did not differ between steady state and acute painful crisis.

    Conclusions:

    • RDW is an elevated index in sickle cell disease patients.
    • RDW may serve as a useful indicator in managing sickle cell anemia, reflecting disease severity and associated anemia.
    • While RDW is stable during painful crises, other parameters like WBC and red cell volume increase.