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HIV-Host Cell Interactions.

Sepiso K Masenga1,2, Bislom C Mweene1, Emmanuel Luwaya1

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Cells
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Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) manage HIV, but the virus evades immune responses. Understanding HIV

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AIDSCCR5CD4+ T cellsCXCR4HIVT lymphocytesT- cell exhaustioncellsdendritic cellsimmunitysex

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) have significantly improved HIV management by suppressing viral replication.
  • Despite ARVs, effective HIV treatment remains challenging due to the virus's sophisticated immune evasion strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the inherent mechanisms employed by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for immune evasion.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions between HIV and host cells crucial for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on HIV pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying HIV's survival and propagation.

Main Results:

  • HIV employs multiple strategies to evade the immune system, including targeting CD4+ lymphocytes.
  • Downregulation of MHC class I and II molecules by HIV impairs immune recognition.
  • Antigenic variation and a specialized envelope complex limit antibody accessibility, aiding viral persistence.

Conclusions:

  • HIV's collaborative immune evasion mechanisms present a significant barrier to developing curative therapies.
  • A deep understanding of these molecular interactions is vital for advancing HIV prevention and treatment strategies.