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Evaluation of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance in breast plastic surgery infection
Xueshang Su1, Jintian Hu1, Fengli Jiang2
1Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Background:
The demand for mammaplasty has increased in recent years, and infection remains one of the common and serious post-operative complications. In this study, we analyzed the pathogen distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of breast plastic surgery infections, and compared the differences in pathogenic species between surgical procedures.
Methods:
The number of each species was counted in the microbial samples of breast plastic surgery infections in Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to December 2021. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software. The surgical techniques, the period of infection, and other details were gathered in accordance with the clinical data.
Results:
There were a total of 42 cases included, and 43 different types of pathogenic bacteria, mostly gram-positive bacteria, were found. CoNS (13/43) and Staphylococcus aureus (22/43) made up the majority. The most prevalent of the five Gram-negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results of drug sensitivity tests indicate that S. aureus is highly sensitive to vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, and linezolid, whereas CoNS is highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol. Both of these bacteria show high resistance to erythromycin and penicillin. Breast augmentation, breast reconstruction, and breast reduction surgery were the most frequently associated breast surgery procedures in this study with infections, with the highest number of infections occurring following breast augmentation with fat grafting, breast reduction surgery, and breast reconstruction with autologous tissue. Various breast plastic surgery procedures have different common pathogens of infection, but the most prevalent are CoNS and S. aureus. Additionally, the majority of the infections in this study were in the early stages.
Conclusions:
Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant cause of breast plastic surgery infections, and the types of infection strains, the period of infection onset, and the antibiotic susceptibility of prevalent strains varied between breast plastic procedures.
Insights
Post-mammaplasty infections are primarily caused by Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility varies, with early detection crucial for effective treatment of breast plastic surgery infections.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Mammaplasty procedures are increasingly common, yet post-operative infections remain a significant complication.
- Understanding the specific pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for managing these infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze pathogen distribution and antibiotic susceptibility in breast plastic surgery infections.
- To compare pathogenic species across different types of mammaplasty procedures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of microbial samples from breast plastic surgery infections (2011-2021).
- In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.
- Clinical data on surgical techniques and infection timing were collected.
Main Results:
- Gram-positive bacteria predominated, with Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogens.
- Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, and linezolid, while CoNS were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol.
- Breast augmentation, reconstruction, and reduction surgeries were most frequently associated with infections, with early-stage infections being most common.
Conclusions:
- Gram-positive bacteria are the primary cause of infections following breast plastic surgery.
- Pathogen types, infection onset timing, and antibiotic susceptibility differ across various breast plastic procedures.
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