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Autonomic complexity dynamically indexes affect regulation in everyday life.

Jonathan P Stange1, Jiani Li1, Ellie P Xu1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Southern California.

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Autonomic complexity, a measure of heart rate variability, tracks affect regulation in daily life. Lower complexity in remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) suggests impaired real-world emotional control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Affect regulation difficulties are common in depression.
  • Autonomic complexity (heart rate variability indices) is a potential biomarker for neurovisceral integration.
  • Understanding real-world autonomic complexity in relation to affect regulation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how autonomic complexity tracks affect regulation in everyday life.
  • To determine if low autonomic complexity is a marker for psychopathology.
  • To assess autonomic complexity and affect regulation in individuals with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and healthy comparisons (HCs).

Main Methods:

  • Ambulatory assessments of autonomic complexity and affect regulation over one week.
  • Utilized multilevel models to analyze data from 37 rMDD and 28 HCs.
  • Measured physiological responses to emotion regulation strategies like reappraisal and distraction.

Main Results:

  • In HCs, autonomic complexity responded to regulation cues (increasing with reappraisal/distraction, decreasing with negative affect).
  • Higher autonomic complexity predicted better everyday regulation success in HCs.
  • Greater complexity variability correlated with less negative affect, rumination, and mind-wandering in HCs.
  • Dynamic physiological reactivity to regulation was diminished in rMDD.

Conclusions:

  • Ambulatory autonomic complexity assessment can passively index real-world affect and regulation dynamics.
  • Restricted dynamic physiological reactivity to regulation is evident in rMDD.
  • Measuring dynamic regulatory processes offers insights into psychopathology mechanisms and potential real-time interventions.