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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
Published on: February 9, 2021
Silver(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene azole drugs: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activity,
Camila Aparecida da Silva Dos Reis Condé1, Ana Luiza de Andrade Querino2, Heveline Silva2
1Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálises (LaQBIC), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the main public health problems globally, there is a public demand for better drugs. Rational strategies or approaches are used to improve the success of drug discovery. Our strategy was to the repurposing of well-known antifungal agents as potential anticancer drugs, such as Clotrimazole (CTZ) and Ketoconazole (KTZ). We prepared the respective iodide imidazolium salt L1: (CTZ-Me)I and L2: (KTZ-Me)I to be the intermediates toward the synthesis of its respective NHC ligand and achieve the respective silver(I)-monoNHC and silver(I)-bisNHC derivatives: [Ag(L1)I] (1), [AgI(L2)] (2) [Ag(L1)2]I. (3), [Ag(L2)2]I. (4), as well as their corresponding coordination compounds [Ag(CTZ)2]NO3 (5) and [Ag(KTZ)2]NO3 (6) where these ligands (CTZ and KTZ) coordinate to silver through the N-imidazole atom. These compounds (L1, L2 and complexes 1-6) exhibited significant activity against the tested cancer cell lines (B16-F1, murine melanoma strains and CT26WT, murine colon carcinoma). The silver(I) complexes were more active than the free ligands, complexes 2 and 4 being the most selective in B16-F1 cancer cell line. Two possibles biological targets such as DNA and albumin were examined for the observed anticancer activity. Results show that DNA is not the main target, however, the interactions with albumin suggest it can transport/delivery the metal complexes.
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