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A realist review of digitally delivered child development assessment and screening tools: Psychometrics and
Jelena Komanchuk1, Judy L Cameron2, Stefan Kurbatfinski3
1Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Background:
Developmental screening improves the detection of developmental concerns, yet numerous children are not screened/assessed. Remote child developmental tool administration has been utilized to increase screening and assessment accessibility.
Method:
We conducted a realist review to: (1) identify existing multi-domain child development assessment and screening tools for children 0-5 years; (2) review psychometric data on their digital (i.e., only administered remotely) administration; and (3) explore contextual factors relevant to their digital administration. We searched APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify tools and papers on their psychometrics. We reference-searched included articles and searched Google for relevant grey literature.
Results:
Of 33 multi-domain child development tools identified in objective one, five tools (in five studies) were delivered digitally and compared to traditional (e.g., paper) delivery (i.e., objective two). Studies evaluated within-group equivalence reliability (k = 2) and between-group equivalence (k = 3). Within-group equivalence reliability was established for the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and domains (e.g., gross motor) of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires 2nd edition (ASQ-2) and Revised Prescreening Denver Questionnaire (R-PDQ). Between group equivalence was demonstrated for Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, 2nd Edition (NEPSY-II) subtests and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3) items. In another between group evaluation, web-based and paper versions of the ASQ-2 were deemed generally equivalent. Digital Bayley-3 inter-observer reliability ranged from 0.82 to 1.0. Examiner support, time, tool modifications, family resources, and comfort promotion supported digital administration.
Conclusion:
Digitally delivered ASQ-2, R-PDQ, Vineland, and Bayley-3 and NEPSY-II components show promise for equivalence with traditional administration.
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