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Functional viromic screens uncover regulatory RNA elements.

Jenny J Seo1, Soo-Jin Jung1, Jihye Yang1

  • 1Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

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Summary

This study screened viral elements to find RNA regulatory mechanisms. A conserved element, K5, enhances mRNA stability and translation by recruiting ZCCHC2 and TENT4, revealing new biological insights.

Keywords:
Aichi virusRNA elementTENT4ZCCHC2deadenylationmassively parallel reporter assaymixed tailingpoly(A) tailpost-transcriptional regulationvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The rapid increase in sequenced viral genomes offers opportunities to explore viral diversity and regulatory functions.
  • Understanding viral regulatory elements is crucial for advancing RNA biology and virology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen viral segments for regulatory elements impacting RNA metabolism.
  • To identify host factors involved in viral RNA regulation.
  • To characterize the function of a conserved viral element (K5) and its associated host machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 30,367 viral segments from 143 species.
  • Utilizing a library of viral 3' untranslated regions (UTRs).
  • Investigating the function of K5 in mRNA stability, translation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport using various expression systems.

Main Results:

  • Hundreds of viral elements affecting RNA abundance, translation, and localization were identified.
  • The kobuvirus element K5 significantly enhances mRNA stability and translation.
  • ZCCHC2 was identified as a host factor that recruits TENT4 to elongate poly(A) tails, delaying deadenylation.

Conclusions:

  • The virosphere is a rich source of novel regulatory elements with potential applications in biotechnology.
  • The K5-ZCCHC2-TENT4 axis provides a new mechanism for controlling mRNA fate.
  • This work establishes a valuable resource for the virus and RNA research communities.