Brain Parcellation Repeatability and Reproducibility Using Conventional and Quantitative 3D MR Imaging

Automatic brain parcellation is typically performed on dedicated MR imaging sequences, which require valuable examination time. In this study, a 3D MR imaging quantification sequence to retrieve R₁ and R₂ relaxation rates and proton density maps was used to synthesize a T1-weighted image stack for brain volume measurement, thereby combining image data for multiple purposes. The repeatability and reproducibility of using the conventional and synthetic input data were evaluated.

Twelve subjects with a mean age of 54 years were scanned twice at 1.5T and 3T with 3D-QALAS and a conventionally acquired T1-weighted sequence. Using SyMRI, we converted the R₁, R₂, and proton density maps into synthetic T1-weighted images. Both the conventional T1-weighted and the synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery images were processed for brain parcellation by NeuroQuant. Bland-Altman statistics were used to correlate the volumes of 12 brain structures. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the repeatability.

A high correlation with medians of 0.97 for 1.5T and 0.92 for 3T was found. A high repeatability was shown with a median coefficient of variation of 1.2% for both T1-weighted and synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 1.5T, and 1.5% for T1-weighted imaging and 4.4% for synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 3T. However, significant biases were observed between the methods and field strengths.

It is possible to perform MR imaging quantification of R₁, R₂, and proton density maps to synthesize a 3D-T1-weighted image stack, which can be used for automatic brain parcellation. Synthetic parameter settings should be reinvestigated to reduce the observed bias.