Misgendering a transgender woman using FORDISC 3.1: A case study

Area of Science:

• Forensic Anthropology
• Bioarchaeology
• Human Identification

Background:

• Standard forensic anthropological methods may not accurately identify transgender individuals.
• Gender-affirming medical interventions can alter physical characteristics, posing challenges for traditional identification techniques.
• There is a recognized gap in the literature regarding the forensic identification of transgender populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the limitations of current forensic identification software (FORDISC) in classifying transgender individuals.
• To advocate for the adoption of more inclusive methodologies in forensic anthropology.
• To highlight the importance of considering biocultural factors in the identification of marginalized groups.

Main Methods:

• Case study analysis of a transgender woman with extensive gender-affirming care.
• Evaluation of the applicability of standard forensic anthropological methods and software.
• Discussion of a biocultural approach to skeletal analysis.

Main Results:

• FORDISC software was unable to classify the individual's sex/ancestry due to post-transition physical changes.
• The case underscores the inadequacy of current methods for transgender individuals.
• Facial feminization surgeries presented unique challenges for standard classification algorithms.

Conclusions:

• Forensic anthropologists require enhanced education on identifying transgender individuals.
• A biocultural approach is crucial for improving the identification of marginalized populations, including transgender women.
• Methodological advancements are needed to ensure accurate and respectful identification in forensic science.