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Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference an Indicator of Coronary Artery Disease
Hanna K Al-Makhamreh1, Abdulhak A Sadalla2, Hussein Alhawari3
1Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Insights
Elevated inter-arms blood pressure difference (IABPD) is linked to severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Abnormal IABPD may indicate a need for further investigation in patients with suspected cardiovascular conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited research exists on the connection between inter-arms blood pressure difference (IABPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Investigating IABPD prevalence and its association with CAD is crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of IABPD in the Jordanian population.
- To assess the association between IABPD and the presence of severe CAD.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 520 patients from cardiology clinics at Jordan University Hospital.
- Patients were categorized into severe CAD and control groups.
- Blood pressure was measured to calculate systolic and diastolic IABPD.
Main Results:
- 289 patients (55.6%) had CAD; 231 (44.4%) were controls.
- 42.5% had systolic IABPD > 10 mmHg; 26.9% had diastolic IABPD > 10 mmHg.
- CAD patients were older, more likely male, hypertensive, and had dyslipidemia, with significantly higher IABPD (p < 0.001 for systolic).
Conclusions:
- Elevated systolic IABPD correlates with a higher prevalence of severe CAD.
- Abnormal IABPD warrants further investigation due to its predictive value for various vasculopathies.
- IABPD could serve as a valuable, non-invasive marker in cardiovascular risk stratification.
Introduction:
Considering the scarcity of the literature on the association between inter-arms blood pressure difference (IABPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Aim:
We performed this study to investigate the prevalence of IABPD within the Jordanian population and to assess if it has an association with CAD.
Methods:
We sampled patients visiting the cardiology clinics at the Jordan University Hospital between October, 2019 and October 2021 into two groups. Participants were divided into two groups; patients with severe CAD and control group who had no evidence of CAD.
Results:
We measured the blood pressure for a total of 520 patients. Of the included patients, 289 (55.6 %) had CAD while 231 (44.4%) were labeled as controls who were normal. A total of 221 (42.5%) participants had systolic IABPD above 10 mmHg, while 140 (26.9%) had a diastolic IABPD above 10 mmHg. Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients with CAD were significantly more likely to be older (p < 0.001), of the male gender (p < 0.001), hypertensive (p < 0.001), and having dyslipidemia (p < 0.001). Moreover, they had significantly higher IABPD differences in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that CAD was a positive predictor of abnormal systolic IABPD.
Conclusion:
In our study, elevated systolic IABPD was associated with a higher prevalence of severe CAD. Patients with abnormal IABPD might be subjected to more specialist investigation as IABPD consistently predicts coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease or other vasculopathy throughout the literature.
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