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Mapping Health Disparities in 11 High-Income Nations.

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Geographic health disparities exist across 11 high-income countries, with the US showing the most significant issues. Canada, Norway, and the Netherlands offer models for improving rural and urban health equity.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Public Health Policy
  • Health Equity Studies

Background:

  • Global health care delivery faces challenges, including significant health inequities tied to geographic location.
  • Understanding the prevalence of geographic health disparities is crucial for researchers and policymakers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and describe geographic health disparities in 11 high-income nations.
  • To compare the frequency and nature of health disparities between urban and rural populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2020 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) Survey data from 11 high-income countries.
  • Cross-sectional survey of adults (aged >18) comparing 10 health indicators across three domains: health status/socioeconomic risk, affordability, and access to care.
  • Logistic regression used to assess associations between area type (rural/urban) and health indicators, controlling for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • 22,402 respondents participated; 21 occurrences of geographic health disparities were identified across the 11 countries and 10 indicators.
  • Rural residence was a protective factor in 13 instances and a risk factor in 8 instances.
  • The United States exhibited the most significant geographic health disparities (5 of 10 indicators), while Canada, Norway, and the Netherlands reported none.

Conclusions:

  • Significant geographic health disparities were found across 11 high-income countries, particularly in access to care.
  • Country-specific differences in disparities highlight opportunities for policy learning.
  • The US can improve geographic health equity by examining policies in Canada, Norway, and the Netherlands.