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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Irreversibility in physical systems is typically quantified using entropy production.
  • Traditional methods rely on measuring time-antisymmetric observables, such as currents, to estimate entropy production.
  • A limitation exists in quantifying irreversibility when only time-symmetric events are observable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a general framework for inferring lower bounds on entropy production.
  • To enable estimation of entropy production using time-resolved statistics of events with any time-reversal symmetry.
  • To provide an accessible method for quantifying irreversibility beyond traditional current measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general framework based on time-resolved event statistics.
  • Introduced a weakened definition of Markovianity applicable to specific events.
  • Utilized snippets of system trajectories between Markovian events and a generalized detailed balance relation.

Main Results:

  • Established a method to infer a lower bound on entropy production from any type of event statistics.
  • Demonstrated that time-symmetric instantaneous events can be used for entropy production estimation.
  • Provided an operationally accessible criterion for the weakened Markov property.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a versatile approach to quantifying irreversibility.
  • This method expands the scope of measurable observables for entropy production estimation.
  • The concept of event-specific Markovianity simplifies the analysis of complex trajectories.